The majority of critical undersea infrastructure is located in international waters, which means would-be saboteurs can take advantage of oversight gaps.
“We can make up the gap by going under the sea,” an Italian defense official said, referring to Europe falling behind in the extraction of vital resources.
The Navy is developing five robotic subs that can lay undersea mines, but the project is three years behind schedule and at least $242 million over budget.
NATO continues to warn about Russian subs that have increased their activity around vital undersea data cables in the North Atlantic, a move officials view with alarm. But most cables are put at risk by boat anchors and fishing.